第四讲   代词

时间：2008年2月18日  来源：主动学习网

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　　代词：用来代替名词的叫代词，代词分为八大类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，关系代词，相互代词。

1.人称代词
2.(1) 作用主要在句子中作主语，宾语有动词宾语，介词宾语，表语等。
　　eg: I am studing English now.  我正在学英语。（工作主语）
　　　 —Who got away all the books here ?  谁把这里的书都拿走了？ 
　　   —It’s I/me.   （I、me作表语，在口语中作宾常用格）
  (2) 人称代词的顺序： 单数形式—you  me and I.
                      复数形式—we you and they
△ 拓展：如果是承担责任,说话者把I（me）we（us）放在第一位.
△ 技巧归纳
   代词并列有顺序：单数并列2、3、1，复数并列1、2、3。
   拓展：we you hey 的用法
　(1) 在英语中we you they  都可以泛指人们，译为“我们”“你们”“他们”
　　eg: We all make mistakes  我们每个人都犯错误
　　   They say that everyone can make mistakea.  人们说每个人都会犯错误
　　   She, he 的特殊用法
　　   she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等
　　eg: China will awalys do what she has promised to do .(代国家)
       中国总会按照自己的承诺做任何事情
　(2) 男主人常用she\he代指自己的爱车，宠物等，女主人常用she\he代指自己的爱车，宠物等
    eg: —Your car looks smart when do you buy it?(你的车样真好，什么时候买的啊)
       —I bought her a week ago.(一周前买的)（her指代车）
　(3) 在寓言故事里温柔善良的动物，（鹿、猫，熊猫等常用she代替）凶猛，粗野的动物（老虎、狮子、狼、熊、狐狸等）常用he代替。
 It的特殊用法
(1) 一般指人以外的一切生物或事物，有时也指婴儿，小孩或不知性别的。
   eg:The baby is crying .It might be hungry 婴儿在哭，或许饿了。
      Some one is ringing.who might it be.有人按门铃，可能是谁呢？
(2) It用指无人称的主语，不是具体指物，而表示天气，季节，时间，距离或事物等。
   eg:What time is it now ? 现在几点了？（指时间）
      Is it going to be windy tomorrow?  明天会刮风吗？（指天气）
      It’s about 15minute walk from here to the bar  从这里走路大约15分钟的距离。（指距离）
(3) 可以指代上文提到的事情，it还可以指代短语或句子。
   eg: Yang li wei was the first Chinese to be sent up into space .
      It made the Chinese proud  杨利伟是第一个被送上太空的中国人。
2.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别
  形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只做定语，用来修饰后面的名词。
  名词性物主代词应该独立使用，不跟名词，相对与形容词性物主代词+名词。
  eg: My parents are both doctors .我的父母都是医生。
     This book is yours. where’s mine? 这本书是你的，我的放在哪里？
高频考点（中考）
one’s  own  短语表示强调，意为“完全属于自己的”“自己的”
I  won’t  belive  anything  unless  I  see  it  with  my   own  eyes .
除非是我亲眼所见，否则我不会相信任何事情。
1.反身代词
by oneself  亲自         for ongself 为自己     cannot help ongself  情不自禁   
call oneself  自称         teach oneself  自学    enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 
speak to oneself  自言自语   help oneself  随便吃  say for oneself 为自己找借口  
lose oneself 迷路          seat oneself  就座     devote oneself  to 致力于
不定代词
　　不定代词：不明确指代某个（某些）人（事）的代词叫不定代词。没有主格和宾格之分。在句中可以作主语，宾语，表语，定语等。
不定代词的分类：

普通不定代词	some,any,one.none.someone.anyone,no one\none.somebody.anybody.nobody.something.anything.nothing
个体不定代词	each,other,another,either,neither,half,everybody,everone,evverything
数量不定代词	all , both , many , much , few , a  few , little ,a little ,a lot  of,other ,the  other

常用不定代词
(1) all: 指三个或三个以上的人或物，
       both: 仅指两个人或物
       all:指事物总和时，谓语动词用单数，指人时用复数。
       eg: All is going perfectly 一切进行顺利。
          All are here.lets started.所有人都到齐了，咱们开始吧。
(2) one 
不定代词one指代可数名词，既可指人也可指物，其复数形式为ones,  所有格形式为one’s , 反身代词oneself.

用法
(1) 单独使用，泛指“人”“一个人”“人们”可以表现one’s和oneself与之呼应。
   One should do one’s best at all times.一个人无论何时都应尽最大努力。
   One should take care of oneself .一个人应该好好照顾自己
(2) 替代上文已经出现过的单数可数名词或复数名词，运用one\ones可以避免重复
　　I prefer red rose to white ones  我喜欢红玫瑰胜过白玫瑰
　　I don’t like this call phone, the one you just showed me.
　　我不喜欢这部手机，就是你刚才给我看的。
　　辨析: it和one  都可以代替上文出现过的名词。
　　it 指上文出现过的特定的事物，即同一事物
　　one 代替与前面事物同属一类事物中的一个，并不是同一个事物。
　　eg: The watch is new ,but it doesn’t work well.
　　   这手表是新的，但是不好用
　　   The watch does’t wok well, I’ll try a new one.
　　   这个手表不好用请给我换一个新的。
(3) none
   none 通常相当于名词，在句中作主语，宾语，意为“没有人”“没有东西”可以代替可数名词的
   单数形式，也可以替代复数名词，还可以替代不可数名词。
　　Eg : None of the medicine works. 这些药都失效了。
   辨析:
   on one 指代人，只能为可数，回答who 不能接of
   none  指代人或物，可数不可数皆可，回答 how much ，可跟 of。
   eg: Who knows the answer of this question?
      谁知道这个问题的答案？
      No one. 没有人知道。
      None of them belived his story . 
      他们都不相信他的故事。（强调全部）
       No one in our class failed the maths exam.
       我们班没有人在数学考试中不及格。（强调没有一个人不及格）
(4) 辨析  each  every

	意义	作用	用法	与of的搭配
each	每个（指个体）	主语，宾语，定语	两个或两个以上	可
every	每个（整体描述）	定语	三者或三者以上	不可

  
eg: Every student needs to be careful with their studies. 所有的学生
   Each of  us  hopes  to  have free  weekends.我们每个人都希望有自己的周末。

(5) everyone: 指人，每个人 人人，不可以与of连用。
   every one 即可指人又可指物，可以与of连用。
   eg: Every one of us love peace .我们每个人都热爱和平。
　　  Everyone/every one seeks happiness.每人都追求幸福。
　　  I like all the pictures ,every one.  我喜欢每一张照片。
　　
　　
(6) some 常用于肯定句，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
   any :常用于否定句,疑问句,any有时候也可用于肯定句中，表任何一个，任何一些。
   not……any=no
   eg:  Some says yes and some say no.有的人说是，有的人说不是。
       I don’t like any of them.我对他们一个也不喜欢。
       Does any of them know this? 他们当中有谁知道吗？
5相互代词
相互代词：表示相互关系的代词。

主格和宾格	所有格
each other主要用于两者之间 one another主要用于三者或三者以上	each others one aonther

eg: Do you often help each other ?  你们经常互相帮助吗?
   This six students didn’t agree with one aonther.  这六个学生谁也不愿意同意谁。
6.指示代词
指示代词：用来表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词。
this,these  指时间或空间较近的人或物。
that those  指时间或空间较远的人或物。
上文提到的事物，英语中常用that或those表示，而汉语却常用“这”表示。
例：I had a bad cold , that was why I didn’t go to school.
我感冒很严重，这是我没有去上学的原因。
7疑问代词
疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。
what 问什么，职业  what do you like? What do you do ?
when 问什么时候  When were you born ?
what time 问什么时间  What time will you leave?  
which 哪一个 Which one do you like ?
who谁   Who is that girl?
why为什么  Why are you laughing?
how many 多少（可数名词）How many books are there?
how much 多少（不可数名词）多少钱  How much is it?
how old 年龄 How old are you ?
what colour颜色  What colour is the pen?
8关系代词（小学课本没有正式接触）
关系代词who,whom, that, which 用来引导的宾语从句。
He is the man whom you have been looking for.
他就是你要找的那个人。
I went to the place where you have been.
我去了你曾经去的那个地方。

代词专项训练
1.Jack, Sue and I will _________go to Sam’s birtherday part. ( C )
  A both    B neither    C all     D either
2.This isn’t          pencil-case.I left mine at home.( A )
  A my       B me        C I       D myself
3.Who taught        math last year?( C )
  A they       B their        C them       D their
4.She told        a friend of          would go to America.( C )
  A him      B his\hers    C him\hers    D he\she’s
5.Lei Feng was always ready to help others.He never thought of           .( C )
  A him      B his       C himself     D he
6.Most of         want to do the job ourselves.( A )
  A us        B our       C we       D ours
7.—Whose exercise books are there?( B )
  —They are        .
  A their      B theirs     C them      D their’s
8.Let      do that exercise myself.( B )
  A I      B me      C him     D her
9.Please take good care of       .( C )
  A you      B yourself    C yourself    D myself
10.Can you help      ？( C )
   A he      B his      C him         D hers
11.Miss Gao is a good care of          .( B )
   A hers      B her      C she      D he
12.She can’t find        pencil.( A )
   A her     B hers      C she      D he
13.This dictionary is not here.It’s        .( C )
   A I       B me       C mine      D my
14.Mary loves her family ,and I love        .( D )
   A I      B me       C my       D mine
15.—Which cost is Mary’s ?
　　—The red one is       .( C )
   A her     B she    C hers      D his  
16.There is no ink in my pen .May I use       ?( B )
   A your     B yours     C your’s     D you
17.She has an apple in one hand and a knife in        .( B )
   A other   B the other  C another   D others
18.You may keep the book for two weeks ,but you mustn’t lend it to      .( B )
   A other      B others    C the other      D the others
19.I study Chinese ,English and some         subjects.( A )
   A other      B the other  C others        D the others
20.—Did they find     in the garden?
　　—No,they found_____there. (A )
   A anybody\nobody          B somebody\everybody
   C anybody\somebody        D everybody\anybody
21.She made______mistake in her exercise.( C )
  A any      B another     C no      D one
22.I’m not busy .I haven’t ______to do.( D )
  A something     B everything     C nothing   D anything
23.My parents and I are ______interested in music.( B )
  A both      B all      C neither      D no
24.______has taken my pencil by mistake .( A )
　A Somebody     B Everybody    C Nobody     D Anyone 
25.This story is more interesting than__________two.( C )
  A other     B others      C the other    D the others
26.Yingze Street is strainght,long and wide with tall buildings on_____side of it.( A )
  A both       B all       C each        D every
27._____of the shoes in the shop were the right size for me.They were either too big or too small.( C )
  A Both     B Neither       C None     D Either
28.You’re just in time for the match _____too early_____too late.( A )
  A neither,nor     B both,and       C Either,or    D not only,but also
29.______Lily_____Lucy will go with you because one of them must be at home to help their father in the garden.( C )
  A Either, nor     B Neither,nor     C Either, or      D Both, and
30.My sports shoes are too small.I want to buy_______pair.( D )
  A the others      B the other        C other        D another
31.—Who has a dictionary,children?
　　—I have ______.( C )
　A it    B this     C one      D so
32.—Who won the game?
　　— ______.( C )
　A No       B Not      C No one        D None
33.There isn’t _______in today’s newspaper.( A )
  A anything interesting          B something interesting
  C nothing interesting           D interesting anything
34._______of us has to pass the exam.( A )
  A Each       B Every       C None       D No one
35、_______of us should do housework two hours a day.( A )
  A Every one      B One       C Every      D Everyone
36.I should read English _____.( A )
  A every day      B every      C day        D everyday
37.There are trees on _______side of the street.(C )
  A each     B every      C both        D everyone
38.______of my parents are engineers.( D )
  A All       B Each       C Every     D Both
39.______of the students might make mistakes.( A )
  A All      B Each     C Every      D Both
40.I can’t give you both of the books.( D )
　A all of         B nether of          C none of         D either of
41.We must learn from _____other.( C )
　A every       B on          C each          D all
42.Don’t hurry!You still have _____time.( B )
　A little      B a little      C few        D a few
43.There is______ink in the bottle.I have to buy some.( A )
　A little       B a little       C few         D a few
44.You did quite well in the test.You made_____mistakes.( A )
　A few       B a few        C little       D a little
45.—Have you any frends in Paris?
   —Yes,I have ______there. ( B )
        A few        B a few       C little       D a little
46.“You are not right.I’m not right,either.”means”_______”( B )
    A Both of us not right       B Neither of us is right
    C Both of us are right       D Neither of us are right
47.Would you like_____to drink?( D )
   A anything     B everything     C nothing      D something
48.____of us has read the story.( D )
  A Some       B Both        C All       D None
49.—Which of her parents is a doctor?( C )
   —_____are.
   A Any      B Either      C Both      D Neither
50.He has two sisters.One is a doctor,____is a teacher.( B )
  A another      B the other       C other        D others
51.There is_______water in my glass.Will you please give me______?( A )
  A little some       B few any        C few some    D little any
52.I have two sons,but______of them lives with me.( C )
  A all      B both       C neither      D few
53.Lucy is coming to my house this evening.I’ll give her_______to eat.( D )
  A anything delicious         B delicious anything
  C delicious something        D something delicious
54.There is________on Channel 6.Please try to find it.( B )
  A important something         B something important
  C important anything        D anything important
55.______of the two girls is from Beijing.( D )
  A All        B Both      C None     D Neither
56.—What’s in your case?( B )
   —______.
   A No one      B Nothing      C Nobody     D None
57.There are quite a few old books on the shelf, but_______of them is useful to him.( D )
   A both       B all        C neither      D none

58.Students are usually interested in sports.Some like running；Some like swimming;_____like ball games.( B )
  A the others        B others           C the other    D other
59.We were all very tired,but_______of us would like to have a rest.( C )
   A all          B any          C none       D neither
60._______of them are my friends.( B )
  A Neither       B None        C Either      D Each
61.We had better ask the headmaster______about it.( B )
  A themselves       B himself        C yourself    D itself
62.He said that he would go out for a short walk by_____.( B )
  A themselves     B himself      C yourself     D itself
63.They made the machine all by______.( A )
  A themselves      B himself      C yourself     D herself
64.She bought a nice coat for_________.( D )
  A themselves      B himself     C yourself      D herself
65.He has a right to decide for_______.( B )
  A themselves      B himself       C yourself      D itself
66.Please help________to some fish,children.(A )
  A yourselves      B himself      C yourself       D itself
67.Children enjoyed________in the park yesterday.(A )
  A themsslves      B himself        C yourself       D itself
68.We enjoyed_______at her birthday party last week.( B )
  A oneself     B ourselves     C yourselves     D themselves
69.The man over there is my brother._______is a doctor.( B )
  A She         B He         C Hers         D His
70.I have two cats.One is black,and_______is white.( D )
   A another      B some       C other        D the other
71.The Green’s garden is larger than__________.( C )
   A we        B us         C ours       D our
72.Can I borrow______pencil._______is broken.( C )
  A you ,My     B your,Me      C your,Mine     D yours My
73.There are______cups.________are over there.( A )
  A our,Yours      B yours,Mine       C his,Ours      D their,Your
74.____schoolbag is much better than____.( D )
  AHer…me      B Hers…my     C Hers…mine   D Her…mine
75._____is my son .Do you like to play with_______?( D )
  A You , you    B She , her       C I , me     D He , him
76.Jane’s cap is red ._____is blue.( C )
  A Her     B Him     C  His      D He
77.—I don’t think it is very expensive to buy a family computer here.
   —Really? I’ll buy ____next week.( C )
  A it    B this     C one    D mine
78.I met Kate on_____way home yesterday.( A )
  A my    B mine    C his    D him

79.—Is this dictionary_____or______?
   —It’s mine.( A )
  A yours , hers    B yours , her   C your , her     D your , hers
80.—My watch keeps good time.What about _____.
   —Mine? Oh,two minutes slow.( D )
  A you   B her     C hers   D yours
81.Mr.Green our Enghlish teacher._____comes from Australia.( A )
  A He  B She  C It   D Ourselves
82.We went to travel with some friends of _______.( B )
  A us    B ours    C our    D ourselves
83.The weather is summer here is like_____in BeiJing.( B )
  A this   B that   C it   D its
84.She always thinks of______more than herself.( B )
  A other   B others   C the other   D the other
85.The twins corrected the mistake on the test paper______.( B )
  A them     B themselves    C him      D himself
86.Boys,don’t touch the machine,or you may hurt_______.( C )
  A myself    B yourself     C yourselves    D themselves
87.—I’ve forgotten to bring my bread.
   —Never mind,you can have______.( C )
  A some of us    B us some    C some of ours    D some of yours
88.Oh , there is someone in the room._____must be my mother.( D )
  A There   B She     C This   D It
89.That bridge is almost broken._____is not safe to cross the bridge.( A )
  A It    B She     C This    D That
90.This is my bag , and that is_______.( B )
  A he    B his    C him    D they